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Tag: tutorial

ANSI character set and equivalent Unicode and HTML characters

Posted on June 4, 2008 - 6:40 am by

The characters that appear in the first column of the following table are generated from Unicode numeric character references, and so they should appear correctly in any Web browser that supports Unicode and that has suitable fonts available, regardless of the operating system.

Character ANSI
Number 		Unicode
Number		 ANSI
Hex		 Unicode
Hex		 HTML 4.0
Entity		 Unicode Name Unicode Range
‘ ‘ 32 32 0x20 U+0020 space Basic Latin
! 33 33 0x21 U+0021 exclamation mark Basic Latin
“ 34 34 0x22 U+0022 " quotation mark Basic Latin
# 35 35 0x23 U+0023 number sign Basic Latin
$ 36 36 0x24 U+0024 dollar sign Basic Latin
% 37 37 0x25 U+0025 percent sign Basic Latin
& 38 38 0x26 U+0026 & ampersand Basic Latin
‘ 39 39 0x27 U+0027 apostrophe Basic Latin
( 40 40 0x28 U+0028 left parenthesis Basic Latin
) 41 41 0x29 U+0029 right parenthesis Basic Latin
* 42 42 0x2A U+002A asterisk Basic Latin
+ 43 43 0x2B U+002B plus sign Basic Latin
, 44 44 0x2C U+002C comma Basic Latin
– 45 45 0x2D U+002D hyphen-minus Basic Latin
. 46 46 0x2E U+002E full stop Basic Latin
/ 47 47 0x2F U+002F solidus Basic Latin
0 48 48 0x30 U+0030 digit zero Basic Latin
1 49 49 0x31 U+0031 digit one Basic Latin
2 50 50 0x32 U+0032 digit two Basic Latin
3 51 51 0x33 U+0033 digit three Basic Latin
4 52 52 0x34 U+0034 digit four Basic Latin
5 53 53 0x35 U+0035 digit five Basic Latin
6 54 54 0x36 U+0036 digit six Basic Latin
7 55 55 0x37 U+0037 digit seven Basic Latin
8 56 56 0x38 U+0038 digit eight Basic Latin
9 57 57 0x39 U+0039 digit nine Basic Latin
: 58 58 0x3A U+003A colon Basic Latin
; 59 59 0x3B U+003B semicolon Basic Latin
< 60 60 0x3C U+003C < less-than sign Basic Latin
= 61 61 0x3D U+003D equals sign Basic Latin
> 62 62 0x3E U+003E > greater-than sign Basic Latin
? 63 63 0x3F U+003F question mark Basic Latin
@ 64 64 0x40 U+0040 commercial at Basic Latin
A 65 65 0x41 U+0041 Latin capital letter A Basic Latin
B 66 66 0x42 U+0042 Latin capital letter B Basic Latin
C 67 67 0x43 U+0043 Latin capital letter C Basic Latin
D 68 68 0x44 U+0044 Latin capital letter D Basic Latin
E 69 69 0x45 U+0045 Latin capital letter E Basic Latin
F 70 70 0x46 U+0046 Latin capital letter F Basic Latin
G 71 71 0x47 U+0047 Latin capital letter G Basic Latin
H 72 72 0x48 U+0048 Latin capital letter H Basic Latin
I 73 73 0x49 U+0049 Latin capital letter I Basic Latin
J 74 74 0x4A U+004A Latin capital letter J Basic Latin
K 75 75 0x4B U+004B Latin capital letter K Basic Latin
L 76 76 0x4C U+004C Latin capital letter L Basic Latin
M 77 77 0x4D U+004D Latin capital letter M Basic Latin
N 78 78 0x4E U+004E Latin capital letter N Basic Latin
O 79 79 0x4F U+004F Latin capital letter O Basic Latin
P 80 80 0x50 U+0050 Latin capital letter P Basic Latin
Q 81 81 0x51 U+0051 Latin capital letter Q Basic Latin
R 82 82 0x52 U+0052 Latin capital letter R Basic Latin
S 83 83 0x53 U+0053 Latin capital letter S Basic Latin
T 84 84 0x54 U+0054 Latin capital letter T Basic Latin
U 85 85 0x55 U+0055 Latin capital letter U Basic Latin
V 86 86 0x56 U+0056 Latin capital letter V Basic Latin
W 87 87 0x57 U+0057 Latin capital letter W Basic Latin
X 88 88 0x58 U+0058 Latin capital letter X Basic Latin
Y 89 89 0x59 U+0059 Latin capital letter Y Basic Latin
Z 90 90 0x5A U+005A Latin capital letter Z Basic Latin
[ 91 91 0x5B U+005B left square bracket Basic Latin
92 92 0x5C U+005C reverse solidus Basic Latin
] 93 93 0x5D U+005D right square bracket Basic Latin
^ 94 94 0x5E U+005E circumflex accent Basic Latin
_ 95 95 0x5F U+005F low line Basic Latin
` 96 96 0x60 U+0060 grave accent Basic Latin
a 97 97 0x61 U+0061 Latin small letter a Basic Latin
b 98 98 0x62 U+0062 Latin small letter b Basic Latin
c 99 99 0x63 U+0063 Latin small letter c Basic Latin
d 100 100 0x64 U+0064 Latin small letter d Basic Latin
e 101 101 0x65 U+0065 Latin small letter e Basic Latin
f 102 102 0x66 U+0066 Latin small letter f Basic Latin
g 103 103 0x67 U+0067 Latin small letter g Basic Latin
h 104 104 0x68 U+0068 Latin small letter h Basic Latin
i 105 105 0x69 U+0069 Latin small letter i Basic Latin
j 106 106 0x6A U+006A Latin small letter j Basic Latin
k 107 107 0x6B U+006B Latin small letter k Basic Latin
l 108 108 0x6C U+006C Latin small letter l Basic Latin
m 109 109 0x6D U+006D Latin small letter m Basic Latin
n 110 110 0x6E U+006E Latin small letter n Basic Latin
o 111 111 0x6F U+006F Latin small letter o Basic Latin
p 112 112 0x70 U+0070 Latin small letter p Basic Latin
q 113 113 0x71 U+0071 Latin small letter q Basic Latin
r 114 114 0x72 U+0072 Latin small letter r Basic Latin
s 115 115 0x73 U+0073 Latin small letter s Basic Latin
t 116 116 0x74 U+0074 Latin small letter t Basic Latin
u 117 117 0x75 U+0075 Latin small letter u Basic Latin
v 118 118 0x76 U+0076 Latin small letter v Basic Latin
w 119 119 0x77 U+0077 Latin small letter w Basic Latin
x 120 120 0x78 U+0078 Latin small letter x Basic Latin
y 121 121 0x79 U+0079 Latin small letter y Basic Latin
z 122 122 0x7A U+007A Latin small letter z Basic Latin
{ 123 123 0x7B U+007B left curly bracket Basic Latin
| 124 124 0x7C U+007C vertical line Basic Latin
} 125 125 0x7D U+007D right curly bracket Basic Latin
~ 126 126 0x7E U+007E tilde Basic Latin
127 127 0x7F U+007F (not used)
€ 128 8364 0x80 U+20AC € euro sign Currency Symbols
129 129 0x81 U+0081 (not used)
‚ 130 8218 0x82 U+201A ‚ single low-9 quotation mark General Punctuation
ƒ 131 402 0x83 U+0192 ƒ Latin small letter f with hook Latin Extended-B
„ 132 8222 0x84 U+201E „ double low-9 quotation mark General Punctuation
… 133 8230 0x85 U+2026 … horizontal ellipsis General Punctuation
† 134 8224 0x86 U+2020 † dagger General Punctuation
‡ 135 8225 0x87 U+2021 ‡ double dagger General Punctuation
ˆ 136 710 0x88 U+02C6 ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent Spacing Modifier Letters
‰ 137 8240 0x89 U+2030 ‰ per mille sign General Punctuation
Š 138 352 0x8A U+0160 Š Latin capital letter S with caron Latin Extended-A
‹ 139 8249 0x8B U+2039 ‹ single left-pointing angle quotation mark General Punctuation
Π140 338 0x8C U+0152 ΠLatin capital ligature OE Latin Extended-A
141 141 0x8D U+008D (not used)
Ž 142 381 0x8E U+017D Latin capital letter Z with caron Latin Extended-A
143 143 0x8F U+008F (not used)
144 144 0x90 U+0090 (not used)
‘ 145 8216 0x91 U+2018 ‘ left single quotation mark General Punctuation
’ 146 8217 0x92 U+2019 ’ right single quotation mark General Punctuation
“ 147 8220 0x93 U+201C “ left double quotation mark General Punctuation
” 148 8221 0x94 U+201D ” right double quotation mark General Punctuation
• 149 8226 0x95 U+2022 • bullet General Punctuation
– 150 8211 0x96 U+2013 – en dash General Punctuation
— 151 8212 0x97 U+2014 — em dash General Punctuation
˜ 152 732 0x98 U+02DC ˜ small tilde Spacing Modifier Letters
™ 153 8482 0x99 U+2122 ™ trade mark sign Letterlike Symbols
š 154 353 0x9A U+0161 š Latin small letter s with caron Latin Extended-A
› 155 8250 0x9B U+203A › single right-pointing angle quotation mark General Punctuation
œ 156 339 0x9C U+0153 œ Latin small ligature oe Latin Extended-A
157 157 0x9D U+009D (not used)
ž 158 382 0x9E U+017E Latin small letter z with caron Latin Extended-A
Ÿ 159 376 0x9F U+0178 Ÿ Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis Latin Extended-A
160 160 0xA0 U+00A0   no-break space Latin-1 Supplement
¡ 161 161 0xA1 U+00A1 ¡ inverted exclamation mark Latin-1 Supplement
¢ 162 162 0xA2 U+00A2 ¢ cent sign Latin-1 Supplement
£ 163 163 0xA3 U+00A3 £ pound sign Latin-1 Supplement
¤ 164 164 0xA4 U+00A4 ¤ currency sign Latin-1 Supplement
¥ 165 165 0xA5 U+00A5 ¥ yen sign Latin-1 Supplement
¦ 166 166 0xA6 U+00A6 ¦ broken bar Latin-1 Supplement
§ 167 167 0xA7 U+00A7 § section sign Latin-1 Supplement
¨ 168 168 0xA8 U+00A8 ¨ diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
© 169 169 0xA9 U+00A9 © copyright sign Latin-1 Supplement
ª 170 170 0xAA U+00AA ª feminine ordinal indicator Latin-1 Supplement
« 171 171 0xAB U+00AB « left-pointing double angle quotation mark Latin-1 Supplement
¬ 172 172 0xAC U+00AC ¬ not sign Latin-1 Supplement
­ 173 173 0xAD U+00AD ­ soft hyphen Latin-1 Supplement
® 174 174 0xAE U+00AE ® registered sign Latin-1 Supplement
¯ 175 175 0xAF U+00AF ¯ macron Latin-1 Supplement
° 176 176 0xB0 U+00B0 ° degree sign Latin-1 Supplement
± 177 177 0xB1 U+00B1 ± plus-minus sign Latin-1 Supplement
² 178 178 0xB2 U+00B2 ² superscript two Latin-1 Supplement
³ 179 179 0xB3 U+00B3 ³ superscript three Latin-1 Supplement
´ 180 180 0xB4 U+00B4 ´ acute accent Latin-1 Supplement
µ 181 181 0xB5 U+00B5 µ micro sign Latin-1 Supplement
182 182 0xB6 U+00B6 pilcrow sign Latin-1 Supplement
· 183 183 0xB7 U+00B7 · middle dot Latin-1 Supplement
¸ 184 184 0xB8 U+00B8 ¸ cedilla Latin-1 Supplement
¹ 185 185 0xB9 U+00B9 ¹ superscript one Latin-1 Supplement
º 186 186 0xBA U+00BA º masculine ordinal indicator Latin-1 Supplement
» 187 187 0xBB U+00BB » right-pointing double angle quotation mark Latin-1 Supplement
¼ 188 188 0xBC U+00BC ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter Latin-1 Supplement
½ 189 189 0xBD U+00BD ½ vulgar fraction one half Latin-1 Supplement
¾ 190 190 0xBE U+00BE ¾ vulgar fraction three quarters Latin-1 Supplement
¿ 191 191 0xBF U+00BF ¿ inverted question mark Latin-1 Supplement
À 192 192 0xC0 U+00C0 À Latin capital letter A with grave Latin-1 Supplement
Á 193 193 0xC1 U+00C1 Á Latin capital letter A with acute Latin-1 Supplement
 194 194 0xC2 U+00C2  Latin capital letter A with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
à 195 195 0xC3 U+00C3 à Latin capital letter A with tilde Latin-1 Supplement
Ä 196 196 0xC4 U+00C4 Ä Latin capital letter A with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
Å 197 197 0xC5 U+00C5 Å Latin capital letter A with ring above Latin-1 Supplement
Æ 198 198 0xC6 U+00C6 Æ Latin capital letter AE Latin-1 Supplement
Ç 199 199 0xC7 U+00C7 Ç Latin capital letter C with cedilla Latin-1 Supplement
È 200 200 0xC8 U+00C8 È Latin capital letter E with grave Latin-1 Supplement
É 201 201 0xC9 U+00C9 É Latin capital letter E with acute Latin-1 Supplement
Ê 202 202 0xCA U+00CA Ê Latin capital letter E with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
Ë 203 203 0xCB U+00CB Ë Latin capital letter E with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
Ì 204 204 0xCC U+00CC Ì Latin capital letter I with grave Latin-1 Supplement
Í 205 205 0xCD U+00CD Í Latin capital letter I with acute Latin-1 Supplement
Î 206 206 0xCE U+00CE Î Latin capital letter I with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
Ï 207 207 0xCF U+00CF Ï Latin capital letter I with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
Ð 208 208 0xD0 U+00D0 Ð Latin capital letter Eth Latin-1 Supplement
Ñ 209 209 0xD1 U+00D1 Ñ Latin capital letter N with tilde Latin-1 Supplement
Ò 210 210 0xD2 U+00D2 Ò Latin capital letter O with grave Latin-1 Supplement
Ó 211 211 0xD3 U+00D3 Ó Latin capital letter O with acute Latin-1 Supplement
Ô 212 212 0xD4 U+00D4 Ô Latin capital letter O with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
Õ 213 213 0xD5 U+00D5 Õ Latin capital letter O with tilde Latin-1 Supplement
Ö 214 214 0xD6 U+00D6 Ö Latin capital letter O with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
× 215 215 0xD7 U+00D7 × multiplication sign Latin-1 Supplement
Ø 216 216 0xD8 U+00D8 Ø Latin capital letter O with stroke Latin-1 Supplement
Ù 217 217 0xD9 U+00D9 Ù Latin capital letter U with grave Latin-1 Supplement
Ú 218 218 0xDA U+00DA Ú Latin capital letter U with acute Latin-1 Supplement
Û 219 219 0xDB U+00DB Û Latin capital letter U with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
Ü 220 220 0xDC U+00DC Ü Latin capital letter U with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
Ý 221 221 0xDD U+00DD Ý Latin capital letter Y with acute Latin-1 Supplement
Þ 222 222 0xDE U+00DE Þ Latin capital letter Thorn Latin-1 Supplement
ß 223 223 0xDF U+00DF ß Latin small letter sharp s Latin-1 Supplement
à 224 224 0xE0 U+00E0 à Latin small letter a with grave Latin-1 Supplement
á 225 225 0xE1 U+00E1 á Latin small letter a with acute Latin-1 Supplement
â 226 226 0xE2 U+00E2 â Latin small letter a with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
ã 227 227 0xE3 U+00E3 ã Latin small letter a with tilde Latin-1 Supplement
ä 228 228 0xE4 U+00E4 ä Latin small letter a with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
å 229 229 0xE5 U+00E5 å Latin small letter a with ring above Latin-1 Supplement
æ 230 230 0xE6 U+00E6 æ Latin small letter ae Latin-1 Supplement
ç 231 231 0xE7 U+00E7 ç Latin small letter c with cedilla Latin-1 Supplement
è 232 232 0xE8 U+00E8 è Latin small letter e with grave Latin-1 Supplement
é 233 233 0xE9 U+00E9 é Latin small letter e with acute Latin-1 Supplement
ê 234 234 0xEA U+00EA ê Latin small letter e with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
ë 235 235 0xEB U+00EB ë Latin small letter e with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
ì 236 236 0xEC U+00EC ì Latin small letter i with grave Latin-1 Supplement
í 237 237 0xED U+00ED í Latin small letter i with acute Latin-1 Supplement
î 238 238 0xEE U+00EE î Latin small letter i with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
ï 239 239 0xEF U+00EF ï Latin small letter i with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
ð 240 240 0xF0 U+00F0 ð Latin small letter eth Latin-1 Supplement
ñ 241 241 0xF1 U+00F1 ñ Latin small letter n with tilde Latin-1 Supplement
ò 242 242 0xF2 U+00F2 ò Latin small letter o with grave Latin-1 Supplement
ó 243 243 0xF3 U+00F3 ó Latin small letter o with acute Latin-1 Supplement
ô 244 244 0xF4 U+00F4 ô Latin small letter o with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
õ 245 245 0xF5 U+00F5 õ Latin small letter o with tilde Latin-1 Supplement
ö 246 246 0xF6 U+00F6 ö Latin small letter o with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
÷ 247 247 0xF7 U+00F7 ÷ division sign Latin-1 Supplement
ø 248 248 0xF8 U+00F8 ø Latin small letter o with stroke Latin-1 Supplement
ù 249 249 0xF9 U+00F9 ù Latin small letter u with grave Latin-1 Supplement
ú 250 250 0xFA U+00FA ú Latin small letter u with acute Latin-1 Supplement
û 251 251 0xFB U+00FB û Latin small letter with circumflex Latin-1 Supplement
ü 252 252 0xFC U+00FC ü Latin small letter u with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement
ý 253 253 0xFD U+00FD ý Latin small letter y with acute Latin-1 Supplement
þ 254 254 0xFE U+00FE þ Latin small letter thorn Latin-1 Supplement
ÿ 255 255 0xFF U+00FF ÿ Latin small letter y with diaeresis Latin-1 Supplement

CSS Block and inline level elements

Posted on June 4, 2008 - 6:10 am by

Nearly all HTML elements are either block or inline elements. The characteristics of block elements include:

  • begin on a new line
  • Height, line-height and top and bottom margins can be manipulated
  • defaults to 100% of their containing element, unless a width is specified

Examples of block elements include

,

,

,

,

Two classes together

Posted on May 15, 2008 - 12:54 pm by

Usually attributes are assigned just one class, but this doesn’t mean that that’s all you’re allowed. In reality, you can assign as many classes as you like! For example:
class=”text side”

Using these two classes together (separated by a space, not with a comma) means that the paragraph calls up the rules assigned to both text and side. If any rules overlap between the two classes then the class which is below the other in the CSS document will take precedence.

CSS border default value

Posted on May 15, 2008 - 12:51 pm by

When writing a border rule you’ll usually specify the colour, width and style (in any order). For example, border: 3px solid #000 will give you a black solid border, 3px thick. However the only required value here is the border style.

If you were to write just border: solid then the defaults for that border will be used. But what defaults? Well, the default width for a border is medium (equivalent to about 3 to 4px) and the default colour is that of the text colour within that border. If either of these are what you want for the border then you can leave them out of the CSS rule!

!important ignored by IE

Posted on May 15, 2008 - 12:51 pm by

Normally in CSS whichever rule is specified last takes precedence. However if you use !important after a command then this CSS command will take precedence regardless of what appears after it. This is true for all browsers except IE. An example of this would be:
margin-top: 3.5em !important; margin-top: 2em

So, the top margin will be set to 3.5em for all browsers except IE, which will have a top margin of 2em. This can sometimes come in useful, especially when using relative margins (such as in this example) as these can display slightly differently between IE and other browsers.

(Many of you may also be aware of the CSS child selector, the contents of which IE ignores.)

Universal selector

Posted on May 15, 2008 - 12:47 pm by

The universal selector, written “*”, matches the name of any element type. It matches any single element in the document tree.

If the universal selector is not the only component of a simple selector, the “*” may be omitted. For example:

* *[LANG=fr] and [LANG=fr] are equivalent.
* *.warning and .warning are equivalent.
* *#myid and #myid are equivalent.

Font Size Conversion Chart

Posted on April 27, 2008 - 11:52 am by

Font Size Conversion Chart
Points Pixels Ems Percent Keyword Default sans-serif
6pt 8px 0.5em 50% CSS Tricks
7pt 9px 0.55em 55% CSS Tricks
7.5pt 10px 0.625em 62.5% x-small CSS Tricks
8pt 11px 0.7em 70% CSS Tricks
9pt 12px 0.75em 75% CSS Tricks
10pt 13px 0.8em 80% small CSS Tricks
10.5pt 14px 0.875em 87.5% CSS Tricks
11pt 15px 0.95em 95% CSS Tricks
12pt 16px 1em 100% medium CSS Tricks
13pt 17px 1.05em 105% CSS Tricks
13.5pt 18px 1.125em 112.5% large CSS Tricks
14pt 19px 1.2em 120% CSS Tricks
14.5pt 20px 1.25em 125% CSS Tricks
15pt 21px 1.3em 130% CSS Tricks
16pt 22px 1.4em 140% CSS Tricks
17pt 23px 1.45em 145% CSS Tricks
18pt 24px 1.5em 150% x-large CSS Tricks
20pt 26px 1.6em 160% CSS Tricks
22pt 29px 1.8em 180% CSS Tricks
24pt 32px 2em 200% xx-large CSS Tricks
26pt 35px 2.2em 220% CSS Tricks
27pt 36px 2.25em 225% CSS Tricks
28pt 37px 2.3em 230% CSS Tricks
29pt 38px 2.35em 235% CSS Tricks
30pt 40px 2.45em 245% CSS Tricks
32pt 42px 2.55em 255% CSS Tricks
34pt 45px 2.75em 275% CSS Tricks
36pt 48px 3em 300% CSS Tricks

There is a good online PX to EM conversion calculator available. You can also use this calculator.

Windows Short Cuts

Posted on April 24, 2008 - 5:01 am by

Key Board Short Cuts

  • CTRL+C (Copy)
  • CTRL+X (Cut) …
  • CTRL+V (Paste)
  • CTRL+Z (Undo)
  • DELETE (Delete)
  • SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
  • CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
  • CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
  • F2 key (Rename the selected item)
  • CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
  • CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
  • CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
  • CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
  • CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text) SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
  • CTRL+A (Select all)
  • F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
  • ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
  • ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
  • ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
  • ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
  • CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents opensimultaneou sly)
  • ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
  • ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
  • F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
  • F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
  • SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
  • ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
  • CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
  • ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
  • F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
  • RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
  • LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
  • F5 key (Update the active window)
  • BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
  • ESC (Cancel the current task)
  • SHIFT when you insert a CD- ROMinto the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Dialog Box – Keyboard Shortcuts

  • CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
  • CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
  • TAB (Move forward through the options)
  • SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
  • ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
  • ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
  • SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
  • Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
  • F1 key (Display Help)
  • F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
  • BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

  • Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
  • Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
  • Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
  • Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
  • Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe minimized windows)
  • Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
  • Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
  • CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
  • Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
  • Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
  • Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
  • Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
  • Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
  • Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
  • Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
  • Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
  • SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
  • NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
  • Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
  • Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
  • END (Display the bottom of the active window)
  • HOME (Display the top of the active window)
  • NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
  • NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
  • NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
  • LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
  • RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:

  • RIGHT ARROW (Move to the rightor to the beginning of the next line)
  • LEFT ARROW (Move to the left orto the end of the previous line)
  • UP ARROW (Move up one row)
  • DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
  • PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
  • PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
  • HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
  • END (Move to the end of the line)
  • CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
  • CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
  • SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected) Microsoft Management Console

(MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts

    1

  • CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
  • CTRL+N (Open a new console)
  • CTRL+S (Save the open console)
  • CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
  • CTRL+W (Open a new window)
  • F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
  • ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
  • ALT+F4 (Close the console)
  • ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
  • ALT+V (Display the View menu)
  • ALT+F (Display the File menu)
  • ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

  • CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
  • ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
  • SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
  • F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
  • F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
  • CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
  • CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
  • ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
  • F2 key (Rename the selected item)
  • CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

  • CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
  • ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
  • ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
  • ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
  • ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
  • CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
  • ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
  • CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
  • CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboardand provide the same functionality spressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

  • CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
  • CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
  • CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
  • CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
  • CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
  • CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
  • CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
  • CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
  • CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
  • CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
  • CTRL+W (Close the current window)

Grouping

Posted on April 15, 2008 - 12:46 pm by

When several selectors share the same declarations, they may be grouped into a comma-separated list.

Example(s):

In this example, we condense three rules with identical declarations into one. Thus,

H1 { font-family: sans-serif }
H2 { font-family: sans-serif }
H3 { font-family: sans-serif }

is equivalent to:

H1, H2, H3 { font-family: sans-serif }

CSS offers other “shorthand” mechanisms as well, including multiple declarations and shorthand properties.

Boxtest

Posted on April 15, 2008 - 12:42 pm by

Boxtest

Here is a sample div with class “boxtest”.

It has 20px border, 30px padding, and 300px width.

div.boxtest {
 border:20px solid;
 padding:30px;
 background: #ffc;
 width:300px;
}

The total width including borders and padding should be 400px.

20+30+300+30+20 = 400

User agents which misinterpret the CSS1 box model by placing border and padding inside the specified width would result in a total width of only 300px, and a content width of only 200px.

300-20-30-30-20 = 200

The red and blue bars below are there for comparison. This div (including its borders) should be as wide as the blue bar.

ആസുരമായ ജീവിതയാത്രയിൽ പലനേരങ്ങളിൽ കടന്നെത്തിയ ചിന്തകൾ, പ്രതീക്ഷകൾ, സ്വപ്നങ്ങൾ, പ്രണയങ്ങൾ, കുഞ്ഞറിവുകൾ, തിരിച്ചറിവുകൾ ഒക്കെയും ചേർത്തുവെച്ചൊരിടമാണിത്. ശ്ലഥചിത്രങ്ങൾ തുന്നിച്ചേർത്തൊരിടം - ചായില്യം!

Chayilyam

Rajesh K,
Chayilyam, Eriya Post, Anandhasram Via, Kasaragod Dist., PIN: 671531, Kerala.

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